The National Capital Territory, Delhi

Delhi is a bustling metropolis with an estimated population of 16–18 million people.

History of Delhi

It is the capital of India, has a rich and complex history spanning several millennia. It has been ruled by various dynasties. The earliest references to Delhi can be traced back to the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata, where present‑day Delhi was referred to as Indraprastha, the capital city of the Pandavas. Archaeological evidence suggests that the region was settled as far back as the Iron Age.

During the medieval period, Delhi was ruled by powerful Rajput dynasties. Its strategic location made it a target for invaders. In 1192, the Afghan warrior Muhammad of Ghori captured Delhi, and in 1206 the Delhi Sultanate was established.

Mughal Rule

The Mughal Empire was established in 1526 after defeating the last Lodi Sultan at the Battle of Panipat. This marked a golden age for Delhi,  which flourished under Mughal rule. Emperor Shah Jahan built the walled city of Shahjahanabad, including the Red Fort and Jama Masjid. However, the empire eventually declined. In 1739, Persian ruler Nader Shah invaded Delhi and looted  the treasures such as the Peacock Throne and the Kohinoor diamond.

In the 19th century, Delhi came under British colonial rule. The British shifted their capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. India gained independence in 1947, and New Delhi was officially declared the capital.

Today, Delhi is a modern metropolis showcasing a rich tapestry of cultures and historical landmarks. Its architectural heritage includes the Red Fort, Qutub Minar, and numerous other monuments.

World Heritage Monuments

Delhi is dotted with UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Each dynasty contributed to the city’s architecture and culture:

• Qutub Minar – Built by the Mamluks, the world’s tallest brick minaret
• Red Fort – Iconic Mughal fort
• Humayun’s Tomb – Inspiration for the Taj Mahal

Lutyens’ Delhi

The central area is named after British architect Edwin Lutyens, and includes the Secretariat Buildings (North and South Block) designed by Herbert Baker. Connaught Place (CP), a circular market, was designed by British architects and named after the Duke of Connaught.

Historical & Heritage Sites

• Red Fort – Iconic Mughal fort, UNESCO site
• Qutub Minar – Tallest brick minaret
• Humayun’s Tomb – Mughal masterpiece
• Purana Qila – One of the oldest forts
• Safdarjung Tomb – Indo‑Islamic architecture

Religious & Spiritual Places

• Lotus Temple – Baháʼí House of Worship
• Akshardham Temple – Modern Hindu temple complex
• Jama Masjid – One of India’s largest mosques
• Gurudwara Bangla Sahib – Major Sikh shrine
• ISKCON Temple – Krishna devotion

Best Shopping Places in Delhi

Finally, Delhi’s shopping scene is vibrant, shaped by its history and culture.

• Chandni Chowk – Historic market for bridal wear, fabrics, jewellery, perfumes
• Connaught Place – Iconic colonial‑era shopping hub
• Khan Market – Stylish market with books, cafés, luxury shops
• South Extension – Bridal wear and jewellery
• Lajpat Nagar & Sarojini Nagar – Affordable street shopping
• Dilli Haat – Open‑air crafts market

Top Malls

• Ambience Mall
• Select Citywalk
• DLF Promenade
• Great India Place

Travel Tips for First‑Time Visitors

• Airport to Connaught Place: ~1 hour by Metro, cab, or Uber
• Languages: Hindi widely spoken; English also common
• Payments: Credit cards, UPI, and cash accepted
• Transport: Tour buses, Uber, or hotel cabs
• Bargaining: Common in street markets

Short Trips from Delhi

• Neemrana Fort Palace – 15th‑century fort turned luxury hotel (~120 km)
• Bharatpur – Keoladeo National Park – UNESCO bird sanctuary (~220 km)
• Sariska Tiger Reserve – Wildlife safaris (~200 km)
• Agra – Taj Mahal – Iconic monument (~230 km)
• Kasauli – Hill station (~290 km)